To prepare for an urban influx of 2.5 billion people by 2050, it is critical to create cities that
are low-carbon, resilient, and livable. Cities not only contribute to global climate change by …

What is the heat beneath our feet? There is a growing interest in the geothermal resources
available at shallow depth beneath cities. However, there exists no general procedure for …

An overview is presented on the last decade of geothermal heating by ground source heat
pumps (GSHPs) in Europe. Significant growth rates can be observed and today's total …

Shallow geothermal energy is a renewable energy resource that has become increasingly
important. However, the use has environmental, technical and social consequences …

Little is known about the intensity and extension of subsurface urban heat islands (UHI), and
the individual role of the driving factors has not been revealed either. In this study, we …

Urban groundwater is a heritage at risk because urban land use practises puts enormous
and highly complex pressure on this resource. In this article, we review urban groundwater …

The thermal use of the shallow subsurface is increasingly being promoted and implemented
as one of many promising measures for saving energy. A series of questions arises …

Urban areas increasingly suffer from subsurface heat islands: an underground climate
change responsible for environmental, public health, and transportation issues. Soils, rocks …

Increasing use of the ground as a thermal reservoir is expected in the near future. Shallow
geothermal energy (SGE) systems have proved to be sustainable alternative solutions for …

Anthropogenic alterations in urban areas influence the thermal environment causing
elevated atmospheric and subsurface temperatures. The subsurface urban heat island effect …