Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is widely used in abdominal surgery. The
implementation of minimally invasive rectal surgery using new methods like robotics or a …

We determined the feasibility of the combined exoscopic-endoscopic technique (CEE) as an
alternative to the microscope in craniofacial resection (CFR). This retrospective study was …

Background Studies on the functionality and usability of the exoscope in neurosurgical
procedures against surgical microscopes (SMs) are limited. This study aimed to examine the …

The practical application of microscopes using 8K ultra-high definition (UHD) technology is
progressing. However, due to insufficiencies in factors such as luminous intensity and …

Indocyanine Blue (ICB) is the deep-red pentamethine analogue of the widely used clinical
near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dye Indocyanine Green (ICG). The two fluorophores …

The three‐dimension digital image microscope system (3D‐DIM) with a better ergonomic
design and equipment characteristics can contribute to the achievement of good results …

Background: Conventional microscopes and exoscopes currently play pivotal roles in the
microsurgery or training for male infertility. However, they are expensive and unaffordable in …

Reoperation for recurrent papillary thyroid cancer (RPTC) is much more complex than
primary surgery is, with a higher rate of complications. We describe, for the first time, the use …

A 67-year-old man with pain in his right flank and hematuria over the last few weeks was
admitted to our hospital due to right renal calculi revealed by an ultrasound examination of …

The exoscope is a high-resolution three-dimensional external microscope that allows the
surgeon to perform delicate dissection in multiple regions of the body. The exoscope was …