Exosomes are a subset of tiny extracellular vesicles manufactured by all cells and are
present in all body fluids. They are produced actively in tumor cells, which are released and …

Metabolic reprogramming is reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is an
adaptive mechanism by which fast-growing cancer cells adapt to their increasing energy …

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are widely
present in various body fluids. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in …

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that, like
microRNA (miRNA), is a rapidly emerging RNA research topic. CircRNA, unlike traditional …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress promotes tumor cell escape from immunosurveillance.
However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that ER stress …

Exosomes are small vesicles (30–150 nm in diameter) enclosed by a lipid membrane
bilayer, secreted by most cells in the body. They carry various molecules, including proteins …

The discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA) over 20 years ago has ushered in a new era in
molecular biology. There are now over 2000 miRNAs that have been discovered in humans …

Exosomes, molecular cargos secreted by almost all mammalian cells, are considered as
promising biomarkers to identify many diseases including cancers. However, the small size …

Long-and short-distance communication can take multiple forms. Among them are
exosomes and ectosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the cell to deliver …

Exosomes are emerging as a new type of cancer biomarkers. Exosome is a bilayered nano-
sized vesicle secreted by various living cells in all body fluids. Based on the expanding …