Hash functions are used for data integrity and authentication but unfortunately they suffer
with man in the middle attack problem. An intruder who has command over the …

All of us know that authentication and key agreement are the two cryptographic services very
important for data communication. People use online methods for information exchange …

Now a day's electronic health record (EHR) systems are in vogue. Many big countries like
Australia and China are implementing new secure ways to store patient's data. This data can …

Routers are used to connect both similar and dissimilar LANs. Routers are connected to
access points. Access point provides wireless connectivity of a wired LAN. Whenever we …

Information security issues are the most important concerns in the information technology
driven world. The security concern of electronic data becomes so important and the …

In the modern world, with the ever-increasing demand of internet, the role of Cryptography
becomes vital. We use ecommerce (business to consumer or consumer to business) …

Information Security is a buzz word today. Due to the emergence and recent developments
of quantum computers, there is a possible threat on all present cryptographic methods …

Authentication is very important for information security. The importance increases when it
comes to financial transactions. In banking scenarios, the signatures on cheques and other …

Modern world moves around data communication, and its security is a key issue nowadays.
It is very unsafe to transmit images over insecure wireless communication channels. In this …

Information exchange is an inseparable part in modern life. The security of information is a
key term. Cryptography is all about keeping data secure. Cryptography provides various …