The use of any kind of physical force is by far the exception in most police–citizen
interactions, and deadly force encounters are rarer still. Police officers use deadly force …

Research Summary We analyzed 990 police fatal shootings using data compiled by The
Washington Post in 2015. After first providing a basic descriptive analysis of these shootings …

An informative look at a very difficult topic! The discretion, authority, and power granted the
police to accomplish their mission offer multiple opportunities for deviance. This revised …

Police shootings have become one of the most “visible and controversial” aspects of the
criminal justice system. Yet, very little empirical effort has been devoted to understanding the …

Instructor: Kevin Leverenz, PhD Class Duration: August 22, 2022 to December 9, 2022;
100% ONLINE Office Hours: By appt., as deemed appropriate, to be conducted by Zoom …

Using a diversity of samples, sources of data, measures of force, analytical methods, and
theoretical frameworks, prior research reported that the prevalence of police use of force …

Prior empirical research on the police use of force has conceptualized force in tenrs of
simple dichotomnies: lethal force vs. nonlethal force, physical force vs. nonphysical force …

Objectives To introduce and evaluate the Police–Citizen Interaction (PCI) Survey, the
electronic survey component of the National Police Research Platform, designed to measure …

Research Summary Despite frequent calls for national data on police use of force, the
literature is dominated by unrepresentative samples from a small number of primarily urban …

A total of 1,111 law enforcement agencies completed an extensive questionnaire designed
to address issues pertaining to police use of force. The information gathered is presented in …