Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic
response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong …

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease resulting in the hardening and thickening of the
wall of arteries and the formation of plaques, which comprise immune cells, mesenchymal …

Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in determining the
biological behavior of several of the more aggressive malignancies. Among the various cell …

Transitory phenotypic changes such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) help
embryonic cells to generate migratory descendants that populate new sites and establish …

Currently, radiation therapy is one of the standard therapies for cancer treatment. Since the
first applications, the field of radiotherapy has constantly improved, both in imaging …

Simple Summary In this review, we present a detailed discussion of how the plasminogen-
activation system is utilized by tumor cells in their unrelenting attack on the tissues …

Abstract [Despite as a major inhibitor of urokinase (uPA), paradoxically,] Plasminogen
activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been validated to be highly expressed in various types of …

Background: Aortic valve stenosis is a sexually dimorphic disease, with women often
presenting with sustained fibrosis and men with more extensive calcification. However, the …

Fibrotic disorders of the renal, pulmonary, cardiac, and hepatic systems are associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Effective therapies to prevent or curtail the advancement …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during wound healing is a physiological response to
an insult. Wound healing becomes deregulated in the setting of chronic injury or long …