Background The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory
dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the …

It is known that the olfactory dysfunction is involved in various neurological diseases, such
as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system
which is associated with numerous comorbidities. These include cardiovascular disease …

Inflammation and neurodegeneration are key features of many chronic neurological
diseases, yet the causative mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients present several alterations related to sensing of bodily
signals. However, no specific neurocognitive impairment has yet been proposed as a core …

Conversion to secondary progressive (SP) course is the decisive factor for long-term
prognosis in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), generally considered the clinical equivalent …

Abstract Objective Olfactory dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been reported, but
results have been inconsistent. In this review we describe, synthesize, and interpret the …

Background and purpose Olfactory bulb atrophy is associated with cognitive dysfunction in
Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and with major depression. It has been suggested that …

Background/purpose To evaluate olfactory function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthy controls over a 2-year period, and to determine the …

Background Several studies reported olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.
The estimate of the incidence of olfactory deficits in multiple sclerosis is uncertain; this may …