Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as
rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that …

The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

INTRODUCTION Depression is an episodic form of mental illness, yet the circuit-level
mechanisms driving the induction, remission, and recurrence of depressive episodes over …

An organism's survival can depend on its ability to recall and navigate to spatial locations
associated with rewards, such as food or a home. Accumulating research has revealed that …

Depression is an episodic form of mental illness characterized by mood state transitions with
poorly understood neurobiological mechanisms. Antidepressants reverse the effects of …

The ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) mesolimbic circuit processes emotional,
motivational, and social reward associations together with their more demanding cognitive …

The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) is a critical hub in networks that process emotional
information. While recent studies have indicated that ventral CA1 (vCA1) projection neurons …

The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning
and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these …

Anhedonia is one of the core symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), which is often
inadequately treated by traditional antidepressants. The modern framework of anhedonia …

Extinction memory retrieval is influenced by spatial contextual information that determines
responding to conditioned stimuli (CS). However, it is poorly understood whether contextual …