Matrix stiffness is a mechanical characteristic of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that increases
from the tumor core to the tumor periphery in a gradient pattern in a variety of solid tumors …

This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment (TME)
in cancer metastasis and therapeutic response, offering fresh insights into the intricate …

Background Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an antitumor immunity molecule
and a great target to cure oral cancer; nonetheless, the limited success can be attributed to …

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a key role in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
immunosuppression, vitality, proliferation, and migration, and is therefore a promising target …

Background Although programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) plays a well‐known function
in immune checkpoint response by interacting with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1), the …

Background Fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (EFEMP2) has been reported to be
related to the progression of various cancers. We have previously reported that EFEMP2 …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent type of hepatic carcinoma. Long
noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered crucial regulators of gene expression; however …

The high prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in South Asia is associated
with habitual areca nut chewing. Arecoline, a primary active carcinogen within areca nut …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a lethal malignancy. Given the
essential roles of E3 ligases in cancer immunotherapies, this paper explored the effect of E3 …

As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) continue to advance, more evidence has emerged
that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is an effective treatment against cancers. Known as …