Neural respiratory drive, ie, the activity of respiratory centres controlling breathing, is an
overlooked physiologic variable which affects the pathophysiology and the clinical outcome …

Recent advances have clarified how the brain detects CO 2 to regulate breathing (central
respiratory chemoreception). These mechanisms are reviewed and their significance is …

Sleep-induced apnea and disordered breathing refers to intermittent, cyclical cessations or
reductions of airflow, with or without obstructions of the upper airway (OSA). In the presence …

Many stressors cause an increase in ventilation in humans. This is predominantly reported
as an increase in minute ventilation (). But, the same can be achieved by a wide variety of …

Breathing movements in mammals are driven by rhythmic neural activity generated within
spatially and functionally organized brainstem neural circuits comprising the respiratory …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Respiratory depression limits the use of opioid analgesia. Although well described clinically,
the specific mechanisms of opioid action on respiratory control centres in the brain have …

The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to
harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [ie, acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing …

The respiratory response to hypoxia in mammals develops from an inhibition of breathing
movements in utero into a sustained increase in ventilation in the adult. This ventilatory …

It is well known that breathing introduces rhythmical oscillations in the heart rate and arterial
pressure levels. Sympathetic oscillations coupled to the respiratory activity have been …