Irrigation is considered the primary means of cleaning and disinfection of the root canal
system. The purpose of this review was to set the framework for the obstacles that irrigation …

The oral cavity is the habitat of several hundreds of microbial taxa that have evolved to
coexist in multispecies communities in this unique ecosystem. By contrast, the internal tissue …

Background Ex vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of some
irrigation protocols in reducing the bacterial load in the root canal system. However …

Chemical cleaning and disinfection are crucial steps for eliminating infection in root canal
treatment. However, irrigant selection or irrigation procedures are far from clear. The vapor …

According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the
chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering root canals with …

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative pain in patients after
endodontic treatment using 8.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) compared with other …

Background To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
(aPDT) in root canals disinfection in cases of endodontic retreatments. Methods This …

Background Studies related to non‐surgical root canal treatment are amongst the most
frequently performed clinical studies in endodontics. However, heterogeneity in reporting …

Irrigation plays an essential role in root canal treatment. The purpose of this narrative review
was to critically appraise the experimental methods and models used to study irrigants and …

Introduction: At the initial part of the gastrointestinal tract, multiple tissues serve the normal
function of food delivery. Periodontal structures are integral elements of these. When they …