During pregnancy, the maternal uterus and fetus form a special microenvironment at the
maternal-fetal interface to support fetal development. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) …

Malignant tumors seriously endanger human health and life, and restrict economic
development. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the expression product of the human major …

Abortion is a condition that occurs due to one of the pathological injuries, often one of the
members of the TORCH is the real cause. The current study aimed to investigate the impact …

Immune checkpoint molecules may play a crucial role in safeguarding pregnancy by
regulating immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface. In this study, we aim to …

Introduction: The maternal immune system has a major role in the successful embryo
implantation and maintenance of the pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the …

There are numerous scientific studies of recurrent miscarriage (RM) with possible causes,
such as fetal chromosomal abnormalities, infectious agents, adverse environmental factors …

Background: Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that the contribution of human
leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and interleukin 10 receptor (IL10R) to maternal immunological …

Thrombophilic states have been associated with early and/or late pregnancy loss and
possibly other severe obstetrical complications. Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability …

Problem The immune system plays an essential role in embryonic implantation and
pregnancy, but the molecular details remain controversial. In the past four decades, human …

Abstract Problem Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is a disorder characterized by two or
more pregnancy losses within 20th week of gestation. Globally 1–5% of the couples are …