Rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have increased in women by 84% over the past ten
years relative to a 35% increase in men. This substantive increase in female drinking is …

Sex differences may play a critical role in modulating how chronic or heavy alcohol use
impacts the brain to cause the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD is a …

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a serious environmental issue worldwide, but its
potential effects on health remain unknown. The administration of polystyrene MPs (PS …

Fear and anxiety play a central role in mammalian life, and there is considerable interest in
clarifying their nature, identifying their biological underpinnings, and determining their …

Chronic pain affects 20% of adults and is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide.
Women and girls are disproportionally affected by chronic pain. About half of chronic pain …

New findings from the neurosciences receive much interest for use in the applied field of
education. For the past 15 years, neuroeducation and the application of neuroscience …

It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In
particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as …

Background Nearly half of the refugee and asylum seeking population in Europe is under
the age of 18, and many of these individuals are unaccompanied children and adolescents …

Sex/gender differences in cognitive sciences are riddled by conflicting perspectives. At the
center of debates are clinical, social, and political perspectives. Front and center …

In this mini-review, I summarize and interpret the current status of sex/gender differences in
terms of brain anatomy, brain function, behavior, and cognition. Based on this review and …