If each of the four nucleotides were represented equally in the genomes of viruses and the
hosts they infect, each base would occur at a frequency of 25%. However, this is not …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a positive-sense RNA virus, a causal
agent of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. ACE2R methylation across three CpG sites …

Depletion of CpG dinucleotides in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-
CoV-2) genomes has been linked to virus evolution, host-switching, virus replication, and …

Bats host diverse viruses due to their unique ecology, behavior, and immunology. However,
the role of other organisms with which bats interact in nature is understudied as a contributor …

Bats are natural reservoir hosts of highly virulent pathogens such as Marburg virus, Nipah
virus, and SARS coronavirus. However, little is known about the role of bat ectoparasites in …

Background Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses are small ds-DNA viruses infecting a
wide-range of vertebrate hosts. Evidence supporting co-evolution of the virus with the host …

We identified 11 conserved stretches in over 6.3 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes including all
the major variants of concerns. Each conserved stretch is≥ 100 nucleotides in length with≥ …

Codon optimality refers to the effect that codon composition has on messenger RNA (mRNA)
stability and translation level and implies that synonymous codons are not silent from a …

The spectra of k-mer frequencies can reveal the structures and evolution of genome
sequences. We confirmed that the trimodal spectrum of 8-mers in human genome …

Background Hantaviruses are important emerging zoonotic pathogens. The current
understanding of hantavirus evolution is complicated by the lack of consensus on co …