Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal
welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune …

During their life cycle as farmed animals, there are several situations in which fish are
subjected to handling and confinement. Netting, weighing, sorting, vaccination, transport …

High stocking density has been shown to produce a wide variety of effects on cultured fish
populations, such as alterations in behavior and poor feed utilization, resulting in mortality …

Commercial feeds for gilthead seabream are highly energetic, containing fish oil as the main
lipid source. The steady production and raising prices of fish oil encourage the inclusion of …

Tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS) is an anesthetic that is approved for provisional use in
some jurisdictions such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom (UK). Many …

Anesthesia plays a critical role in prevention of mechanical injuries and manipulation stress
in fish. Commercially reared fish are subjected to confinement and handling including …

High stocking density is an aquaculture-related situation which causes crowding stress in
fish and potentially affecting the immune system. Protection against disease can be induced …

In red porgy Pagrus pagrus subjected to 3 weeks of chronic stress by crowding, plasma
cortisol remained significantly higher in crowded fish compared to controls. There was no …

Dynamics of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), α melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), N-
acetylated-β-endorphin (N-ac-β-END), cortisol, and growth hormone (GH) were investigated …

This study investigates the effect of dietary vitamin E on juveniles of gilthead seabream
under stressful situations, focusing on the effects on growth, haematology, some immune …