Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors that
constitute the first line of defense system against microbes. They can recognize both …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that has been
diagnosed in an increasing number of children around the world. Existing data suggest that …

Immune molecules such as cytokines and chemokines and the cells that produce them
within the brain, notably microglia, are critical for normal brain development. This recognition …

Background Innovative research highlighted the probable connection between autism
spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota as many autistic individuals have …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in language and
communication development, social behavior, and the occurrence of stereotypic patterns of …

B cells play multiple roles in preservation of healthy immune system including management
of immune responses by expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several earlier …

The Janus-kinase (JAK) and signal transducer activator of transcription (STAT) signalling
pathways regulate gene expression and control various factors involved in normal …

Folic acid (FA)-induced renal tubule damage, which is characterized by extensive
inflammation, is a common model of acute kidney injury (AKI). Pyroptosis, a pro …

This paper reviews the potential role of glutathione (GSH) in autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). GSH plays a key role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and maintenance of balance …

Compounds derived from herbs exhibit a range of biological properties, including anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, the exact mechanism of …