Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely applied in cancer therapy as a result of its non-
invasive, localized treatment and good therapeutic effect. In general, the final therapeutic …

Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment mainly for cancer but also for bacterial
infections. This treatment dates back to 1900 when a German medical school graduate …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological
functions of living organisms. The intrinsic biochemical properties of ROS, which underlie …

Anti-cancer drugs with various mechanisms emerge in succession, but most of free
therapeutics are accompanied by some disadvantages, such as poor safety and …

Despite the comprehensive applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug/gene delivery, and
tumor therapy of manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs including MnO2, MnO, Mn2O3 …

In addition to increasing the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor cells
can also secrete exosomal PD-L1 to suppress T cell activity. Emerging evidence has …

Advanced treatments based on immune system manipulation, gene transcription and
regulation, specific organ and cell targeting, and/or photon energy conversion have …

In view of certain unique internalization features of the tumor microenvironment
(TME)(mainly including hypoxia, acidity and higher concentrations of H 2 O 2 and GSH) …

The complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of tumors seriously undermine the therapeutic
potential of treatment. Therefore, the current trend in clinical research has gradually shifted …

Currently, cancer is the second largest cause of death worldwide and has reached critical
levels. In spite of all the efforts, common treatments including chemotherapy, photodynamic …