The majority of generalisations concerning plant responses to herbivory are based on
studies of natural or simulated defoliation. However, effects caused by insects feeding on …

Background, aim, and scope Arthropods, with over a million species described, are
ubiquitous throughout different environments. Knowledge of their responses to human …

Plants provide humans with oxygen, food, fibre and fuel, but their effectiveness in performing
these roles is affected by herbivores. Historically, studies on insect herbivory have primarily …

Growing interest in belowground herbivory and the remarkable diversity of the accumulated
information on this topic inspired us to quantitatively explore the variation in the outcomes of …

The 23-year-long dynamics of actual acidity (pH water) and acid-soluble heavy metals (Cu,
Pb, Cd, Zn) in the forest litter and humus horizon of soils in spruce-fir forests were studied in …

Although it is an integral part of global change, most of the research addressing the effects of
climate change on forests have overlooked the role of environmental pollution. Similarly …

The state of tree and ground vegetation layers in spruce-fir forests around the Middle Ural
Copper Smelter (Revda, Sverdlovsk oblast) has been repeatedly evaluated in 25 permanent …

Как правильно спланировать эксперимент, чтобы с наименьшими затратами получить
убедительные результаты? Как повысить шанс публикации своей работы в …

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) represents small, non-directional deviations from perfect
symmetry in morphological characters. FA is generally accepted to increase in response to …

We aimed at evaluating the effect of low-level air pollution on leaf area fluctuating
asymmetry (FAA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of Salix alba L., taking into account other …