progression with no evidence of inflammation in many patients suggests a neoproliferative
process. Sadr et al found apparently proliferative “myofibroblastic” cells in a small number of …

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with diverse cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic
diseases in neonates, infants, and older children and contributes to significant morbidity and …

The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts
of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or …

Interest for the pulmonary veins has increased in the past decade after the potential
arrhythmogenicity of the myocardial sleeve surrounding these structures has been …

Background—We sought to determine era-specific changes in the incidence of mortality and
reoperation in children with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Methods and …

OBJECTIVE. Pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare, although often lethal, anomaly. Risk factors
for the diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis are poorly characterized. In this study we …

OBJECTIVES This study was performed to analyse the surgical results of total anomalous
pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repair at a single institution and to identify trends …

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) is an important cause of late mortality in
total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). We aimed to describe current …

Background Primary pulmonary vein stenosis (PPVS) still carries a poor prognosis, and
prognostic factors remain controversial. The aim of this study was to determine outcomes …

Background Surgical and catheter-based interventions on pulmonary veins are associated
with pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS), which can progress diffusely through the “upstream” …