Abstract Interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-21, IL-22 and IL-23 can be grouped as T helper 17 (Th17)-
related cytokines because they are either produced by Th17/Th22 cells or involved in their …

Cytokine and growth factor signaling mediates essential roles in the differentiation,
proliferation, survival and function of a number of cell lineages. This is achieved via specific …

Regulatory T (T reg) cells act as terminators of T cell immuniy during acute phase of viral
infection; however, their role and suppressive mechanism in chronic viral infection are not …

Background Disease risk and incidence between males and females reveal differences, and
sex is an important component of any investigation of the determinants of phenotypes or …

Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) act at the interface of host and pathogen interactions in human
infectious diseases. Tregs are induced by a wide range of pathogens, but distinct effects of …

Abstract Background Regulatory T (T reg) cells have an immunosuppressive function in
cancer, but the underlying mechanism of immunosuppression in the tumor …

Currently, immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) has revolutionized the treatment strategy of human cancer patients …

Abstract CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the
maintenance of immune tolerance. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a therapeutic …

The phenomenon of 'T cell exhaustion', a state of T cell dysfunction observed during chronic
infections and cancers, has been a major obstacle in mounting appropriate immune …

By attenuating T-cell activation, immune checkpoints (ICs) limit optimal anti-tumour
responses and IC inhibition (ICI) has emerged as a new therapy for a broad range of …