The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to
conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here …

The mammalian NLR gene family was first reported over 20 years ago, although several
genes that were later grouped into the family were already known at that time. Although it is …

The dearth of antibiotic candidates against Gram-negative bacteria and the rise of antibiotic
resistance create a global health concern. The challenge lies in the unique Gram-negative …

The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health and disease, particularly through their
interactions with the immune system. Intestinal homeostasis is dependent on the symbiotic …

Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to
maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome …

Mycobacteria are responsible for several human and animal diseases. NOD2 is a pattern
recognition receptor that has an important role in mycobacterial recognition. However, the …

Abstract Vaccines such as Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) can apparently defer dementia
onset with an efficacy better than all drugs known to date, as initially reported by Gofrit et …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represent a re-emerging class of therapeutic targets for
vaccine adjuvants, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review article, we summarize …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach epithelium of half the world's population
and is responsible for various digestive diseases and even stomach cancer. Vaccine …

Phagocytosis is the process by which myeloid phagocytes bind to and internalize potentially
dangerous microorganisms. During phagocytosis, innate immune receptors and associated …