Abstract Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC), commonly used as a proliferation marker in
breast cancer, has limited value for treatment decisions due to questionable analytical …

During the past recent years, various therapies emerged in the era of breast cancer. Breast
cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which genetic and environmental factors are involved …

PURPOSE To update recommendations on appropriate use of breast cancer biomarker
assay results to guide adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy decisions in early-stage breast …

PURPOSE To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical
Oncology/College of American Pathologists estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) …

Purpose.—To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical
Oncology/College of American Pathologists estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone …

Purpose To provide recommendations on appropriate use of breast tumor biomarker assay
results to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive …

Following a diagnosis of breast cancer, the most immediate challenges in patient
management are the determination of prognosis and identification of the most appropriate …

Cancer has been characterized as a heterogeneous disease consisting of many different
subtypes. The early diagnosis and prognosis of a cancer type have become a necessity in …

Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer,
which accounts for about 70% of all breast cancers, is heterogeneous. Antiestrogen therapy …

Importance Multiple molecular signatures are available for managing estrogen receptor (ER)–
positive breast cancer but with little direct comparative information to guide the patient's …