In patients with glioblastoma, the average survival time with current treatments is short,
mainly due to recurrences and resistance to therapy. This insufficient treatment success is, in …

Despite decades of clinical and preclinical studies, the markers and mechanisms of
resistance to cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), remain …

Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome
10 (PTEN), which negatively regulates the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway, is strongly linked to …

Early-stage detection of leukemia is a critical determinant for successful treatment of the
disease and can increase the survival rate of leukemia patients. The factors limiting the …

Bladder cancer accounts for high morbidity and mortality around the world and its incidence
rate is suggested to be higher in following years. A number of factors involve in bladder …

Abstract Notch receptors (Notch1–4) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis of
malignant tumors, including breast cancer. Although abnormal Notch activation is related to …

Background The newly emerged technology, nanotechnology, represents a promising
solution for many medical and industrial problems. Random targeting, resistance, and side …

The past few decades have witnessed the rise of immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal (GI)
tract cancers. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death …

Clinically, cancer drug resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy
remains the main impediment towards curative cancer therapy, which leads directly to …

Immunotherapy for immune response has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. In
recent years, new immunotherapeutic agents have been introduced into clinical trials and …