Neuronal cells are highly functioning but also extremely stress-sensitive cells. By defending
the neuronal cells against pathogenic insults, microglial cells, a unique cell type, act as the …

A considerable amount of literature has been published claiming the cardiovascular benefits
of moderate (red) wine drinking, which has been considered a distinguishing trait of the …

Designing translational antioxidative agents that could scavenge free radicals produced
during reperfusion in brain ischemia stroke and alleviate neurologic damage is the main …

Background: Understanding the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology
may be critical for health policies and public health responses. Recent studies have shown …

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are considered to be prospective replacements for neuronal cell
loss as a result of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the survival and neuronal differentiation …

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form of heritable intellectual disability and
autism. Fragile X (Fmr1-KO) mice exhibit aberrant dendritic spine structure, synaptic …

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) are expressed in
several cell types including the brain cells such as neuronal progenitors, neurons …

Morphine, a commonly used antinociceptive drug in hospitals, is known to cross the blood-
brain barrier (BBB) by first passing through brain endothelial cells. Despite its pain-relieving …

Early-life exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) is a potential risk factor for
autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Exposure to nonylphenol (NP), a typical EDC, is known to …

Opioids, such as morphine, are the mainstay for the management of postsurgical pain. Over
the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in deaths related to opioid overdose …