Immunotherapy is often perceived as a relatively recent advance. In reality, however, one
should be looking for the beginnings of cancer immunotherapy under different names as far …

Recent advances in several areas are rekindling interest and enabling progress in the
development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. These advances have been made in target …

Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in
the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. Molecular-targeted agents …

Summary The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed the genomic landscapes of human cancers.
In parallel, immunotherapy is transforming the treatment of advanced cancers. Unfortunately …

The outstanding clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade has revived the interest in
underlying mechanisms of the immune system that are capable of eliminating tumors even …

Therapeutic vaccines preferentially stimulate T cells against tumour-specific epitopes that
are created by DNA mutations or oncogenic viruses. In the setting of premalignant disease …

The emergence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 (PD-1)–
targeted therapy has demonstrated the importance of the PD-L1: PD-1 interaction in …

Highlights•Tumor immune escape compromises the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.•Loss
of MHC class I expression is a frequent event in cancer cells.•Three tumor phenotypes …

Novel immunotherapy approaches have provided durable remission in a significant number
of cancer patients with cancers previously considered rapidly lethal. Nonetheless, the high …

Anti-PD-1 therapy yields objective clinical responses in 30–40% of advanced melanoma
patients. Since most patients do not respond, predictive biomarkers to guide treatment …