Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules
has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain major drug targets, despite our incomplete
understanding of how they signal through 16 non-visual G-protein signal transducers …

Two-thirds of human hormones and one-third of clinical drugs act on membrane receptors
that couple to G proteins to achieve appropriate functional responses. While G protein …

A growing number of studies are revealing that cells can send and receive information by
controlling the temporal behavior (dynamics) of their signaling molecules. In this Review, we …

Fluorescent probes are one of the cornerstones of real-time imaging of live cells and a
powerful tool for cell biologists. They provide high sensitivity and great versatility while …

Since the earliest examination of cellular structures, biologists have been fascinated by
observing cells using light microscopy. The advent of fluorescent labeling technologies plus …

Yellow mutants of the green fluorescent protein (YFP) are crucial constituents of genetically
encoded indicators of signal transduction and fusions to monitor protein-protein interactions …

G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are generally thought to signal to second
messengers like cyclic AMP (cAMP) from the cell surface and to become internalized upon …

Chemotaxis, the directed migration of cells in chemical gradients, is a vital process in normal
physiology and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Chemotactic cells display motility …