Learning the value of stimuli and actions from others—social learning—adaptively
contributes to individual survival and plays a key role in cultural evolution. We review …

Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), the neurobiological
mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Despite decades of speculation regarding …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and especially anterior cingulate cortex is central to
higher cognitive function and many clinical disorders, yet its basic function remains in …

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has long been associated with the flexible control of behavior
and concepts such as behavioral inhibition, self-control, and emotional regulation. These …

To better understand the reward circuitry in human brain, we conducted activation likelihood
estimation (ALE) and parametric voxel-based meta-analyses (PVM) on 142 neuroimaging …

Sophisticated behavioral paradigms partnered with the emergence of increasingly selective
techniques to target the basolateral amygdala (BLA) have resulted in an enhanced …

Adaptive Resonance Theory, or ART, is a cognitive and neural theory of how the brain
autonomously learns to categorize, recognize, and predict objects and events in a changing …

We review the literature on interoception as it relates to depression and anxiety, with a focus
on belief, and alliesthesia. The connection between increased but noisy afferent …

The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of
forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water …

Drug addiction is increasingly viewed as the endpoint of a series of transitions from initial
drug use—when a drug is voluntarily taken because it has reinforcing, often hedonic, effects …