The vascular endothelium is composed of a monolayer of specialized cells (endothelial
cells), which form the interface between the underlying smooth muscle cells from the …

Nitric oxide (NO), the smallest signalling molecule known, is produced by three isoforms of
NO synthase (NOS; EC 1.14. 13.39). They all utilize l-arginine and molecular oxygen as …

It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

To date, studies suggest that biological signaling by nitric oxide (NO) is primarily mediated
by cGMP, which is synthesized by NO-activated guanylyl cyclases and broken down by …

Diabetes and ischaemic stroke often arise together. People with diabetes have more than
double the risk of ischaemic stroke after correction for other risk factors, relative to …

This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resultant
cardiovascular events. There is now a consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of …

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a paracrine factor that controls vascular tone,
inhibits platelet function, prevents adhesion of leukocytes, and reduces proliferation of the …

Although the pathobiology of atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial process, blood flow-
induced shear stress has emerged as an essential feature of atherogenesis. This fluid drag …

Insulin has important vascular actions to stimulate production of nitric oxide from
endothelium. This leads to capillary recruitment, vasodilation, increased blood flow, and …

Reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxide, promote endothelial dysfunction and
alterations in vascular structure. It is increasingly recognized that inflammatory cytokines …