The rapid development of multidrug-resistant pathogens against conventional antibiotics is a
global public health problem. The irrational use of antibiotics has promoted therapeutic …

Nature has evolved a variety of mechanisms to build epithelial trees of diverse architectures
within different organs and across species. Epithelial trees are elaborated through branch …

Animals have repeatedly evolved specialized organs and anatomical structures to produce
and deliver a mixture of potent bioactive molecules to subdue prey or predators—venom …

Background Amphibian defence against predators and microorganisms is directly related to
cutaneous glands that produce a huge number of different toxins. These glands are …

Through natural selection, many animal organs have evolved superior mechanical
properties and elegant hierarchical structures adaptive to their multiple biological functions …

We discuss the use of the terms venom and poison, in the context of integrative biology, with
particular emphasis on behaviour and natural history. Our purpose is to reach a broad …

Scorpion venoms are mixtures of proteins, peptides and small molecular compounds with
high specificity for ion channels and are therefore considered to be promising candidates in …

Spiders are one of the most successful groups of venomous animals, but surprisingly few
species have been examined in sufficient detail to determine the structure of their venom …

The scorpion venom system plays a critical role in capturing prey and defending against
predators. In this study, the rapid developmental process of the first instar telson was first …

Six species of scorpion (Arachnida: Scorpiones) are documented from eighteen localities in
seven different states within the Republic of the Sudan. Combining this new data with …