Different forms of physical activity—endurance, resistance or dynamic power—stimulate
cytokine release from various tissues to the bloodstream. Receptors for exercise-induced …

Background Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological
regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched …

Background Due to the important role of follistatin (FLST), myostatin (MSTN) and growth
differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) in muscle mass regulation; alterations in the FLST to MSTN …

Purpose Due to the mechanistic role of myostatin and follistatin in modulating muscle mass,
shifts in the follistatin to myostatin ratio (F: M) may help explain changes in muscular size in …

The health-promoting effects of physical activity to prevent and treat metabolic disorders are
numerous. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely …

GDF11 is a secreted factor in the TGFß family of cytokines. Its nearest neighbor
evolutionarily is myostatin, a factor discovered as being a negative regulator of skeletal …

Context Clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of inhibitors of the myostatin pathway in
neuromuscular and metabolic diseases. Activins and follistatins are major regulators of the …

Hormones are secreted in a circadian rhythm, but also follow larger-scale timetables, such
as monthly (hormones of the menstrual cycle), seasonal (ie, winter, summer), and, ultimately …

The aim of this study was to investigate whether 6 weeks' high intensity interval training
(HIIT; 6× 30 s sprints at 40% peak power, once every five days) following 6 weeks' of aerobic …

Background This study aimed to determine the efficacy of functional training with and without
blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle hypertrophy indices and strength in older men …