Abstract Turnbull, Andrew V., and Catherine L. Rivier. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-
Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action. Physiol. Rev. 79: 1 …

The polypeptide cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) affects nearly every tissue and organ system. IL-
1 is the prototype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in that it induces the expression of a …

1. This paper reviews recent findings on cellular and humoral immunity and inflammatory
markers in depression. 2. 2. It is shown that major depression may be accompanied by …

The acute phase response is an orchestrated response to tissue injury, infection or
inflammation. A prominent feature of this response is the induction of acute phase proteins …

IL-1 (IL-1α or IL-1β) is the prototypic “multifunctional” cytokine. Unlike the lymphocyte and
colony stimulating growth factors, IL-1 affects nearly every cell type, and often in concert with …

It has recently become accepted that the activated immune system communicates to brain
via release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the possibility that pro …

D uring infection, the host produces several proinflammatory cytokines that have been
implicated as playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The production of …

The heart is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing organ. Both myocardial macrophages
and cardiac myocytes themselves synthesize TNF. Accumulating evidence indicates that …

The interleukin-1 family consists of three structurally related polypeptides. The first two are
interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β, each of which has a broad spectrum of both beneficial and …

For many years, it was thought that bacterial products caused fever via the intermediate
production of a host-derived, fever-producing molecule, called endogenous pyrogen (EP) …