Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as ectosomes and exosomes, contain DNA, RNA, proteins
and are encased in a phospholipid bilayer. EVs provide intralumenal cargo for delivery into …

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) such as exosomes are nanoscale membranous particles
(< 200 nm) that have emerged as crucial targets for liquid biopsy and as promising drug …

The production and release of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDSEVs) from
cancerous cells play a pivotal role in the propagation of cancer, through genetic and …

The high mortality from lung cancer is mainly attributed to the presence of metastases at the
time of diagnosis. Despite being the leading cause of lung cancer death, the underlying …

Chondrosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor. Traditional therapy is not very effective,
and it is prone to metastasis in the late stage. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a …

There is a complex interaction between pro-tumoural and anti-tumoural networks in the
tumour microenvironment (TME). Throughout tumourigenesis, communication between …

This comprehensive review elucidates the intricate roles of long non-coding RNAs
(lncRNAs) within the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment, intersecting the domains of …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have
emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in …

Background Metastasis, the leading cause of cancer-related death in patients diagnosed
with ovarian cancer (OC), is a complex process that involves multiple biological effects. With …

Successful clinical methods for tumor elimination include a combination of surgical
resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is one of the crucial components …