Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members, which include TGF-βs, activins and
bone morphogenetic proteins, are pleiotropic cytokines that elicit cell type-specific effects in …

Handedness and brain asymmetry have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such
as dyslexia and schizophrenia. The genetic nature of this correlation is not understood …

In angiosperms, two sperm cells are transported and delivered by the pollen tube to the
ovule to achieve double fertilization. Extensive communication takes place between the …

Abstract Cripto-1 (CR-1)/Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor1 (TDGF-1) is a cell surface
glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein that can function either in cis …

Cancer is a complex set of diseases, driven by genomic instability overlaid with epigenetic
modifications. Two prevailing concepts, the stochastic theory and the hierarchical theory, are …

Cripto-1 is critical for early embryonic development and, together with its ligand Nodal, has
been found to be associated with the undifferentiated status of mouse and human embryonic …

In vertebrates, the development of the nervous system is triggered by signals from a
powerful 'organizing'region of the early embryo during gastrulation. This phenomenon …

Secreted cytokines of the TGFβ family are found in all multicellular organisms and implicated
in regulating fundamental cell behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and …

Cripto is a small, GPI-anchored signaling protein that regulates cellular survival,
proliferation, differentiation and migration during normal developmental processes and …

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) contain a covalently linked GPI
anchor located on outer cell membranes. GPI-APs are ubiquitously conserved from protozoa …