The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and
protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their …

Oxygen (O 2) availability is a key factor regulating microbiota composition and the
homeostatic function of cells in the intestinal mucosa of vertebrates. Microbiota-derived …

Metabolic regulation is integral to the proper functioning of innate lymphoid cells, yet the
underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that disruption of exogenous proline …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown diverse life-
threatening effects, most of which are considered short-term. In addition to its short-term …

Obesity and diabetes incidence rates are increasing dramatically, reaching pandemic
proportions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to unravel the mechanisms underlying their …

Introduction Human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in providing protective responses
against pathogens, particularly by regulating immune system homeostasis. There is a …

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly intestinal inflammatory disorder that primarily
affects premature infants and lacks adequate therapeutics. Interleukin (IL)-22 plays a critical …

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following
allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. In experimental models, interleukin-22 promotes …

Intestinal microfold cells are the primary pathway for translocation of secretory IgA (SIgA)-
pathogen complexes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Uptake of SIgA/commensals …

Cytokines are important contributors to immune responses against microbial and
environmental threats and are of particular importance at epithelial barriers. These …