In recent years, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have significantly advanced in both health
estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion batteries. The great success of ANNs stems …

Digital twins for large-scale and investment-intensive Li-ion battery systems in marine and
stationary applications have drawn increasing interest in recent years. Considering electrical …

Parallel string performance imbalances are unavoidable due to manufacturing-related cell-
to-cell inhomogeneities (eg capacity, internal resistance), suboptimal pack and cooling …

Multi-dimensional cell models are an increasingly used tool in battery development and
operation monitoring. Lithium-ion cells show current density and temperature gradients …

In this article the influence of Cell to Cell Variances (CtCV) and the thermal design of the
battery on electrical and thermal cell imbalances are experimentally investigated for different …

Batteries of electric vehicles contain a high number of serial-and parallel-connected cells in
order to fulfill the power and energy requirements. Due to Cell to Cell Variances (CtCV) …

One of the main issues affecting the uptake of battery packs are safety concerns, particularly
with respect to the fires caused by cell faults. Managing the risks from faults requires …

Due to the unique self-balancing mechanism, the inconsistency of parameters between
parallel-connected cells will converge with aging, making it possible to improve economic …

Knowledge of local temperature-dependent current distributions helps battery management
systems (BMS) to ensure an optimal operation. However, current measurements for all cells …

An important issue for a successful commercialization of battery-electric vehicles is the
minimization of the cell degradation rate to guarantee the longest possible service life of the …