Systemic immunity triggered by local plant–microbe interactions is studied as systemic
acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) depending on the site of …

Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their
complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific molecular …

During their lifetime, plants encounter numerous biotic and abiotic stresses with diverse
modes of attack. Phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), jasmonate …

The phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are major players in plant
immunity. Numerous studies have provided evidence that SA-and JA-mediated signaling …

Heavy metal (HM)-mediated toxic effects on plants have attained considerable attention
worldwide as they directly threaten the food supply chain. Although various measures have …

Abiotic stresses are the primary sources of crop losses globally. The identification of key
mechanisms deployed and established by plants in response to abiotic stresses is …

Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the potential plant growth regulators (PGRs) that regulate plant
growth and development by triggering many physiological and metabolic processes. It is …

The lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant growth, development,
secondary metabolism, defense against insect attack and pathogen infection, and tolerance …

Transcriptional regulation is a central process in plant immunity. The induction or repression
of defense genes is orchestrated by signaling networks that are directed by plant hormones …

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a pathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of plant species,
including many of the world's most important crops. Key features of S. sclerotiorum include …