Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also named macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, is a
divergent member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. While physiological …

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process during which cells lose their
epithelial characteristics, for instance cell polarity and cell–cell contact, and gain …

Tumours reprogram host physiology, metabolism and immune responses during cancer
progression. The release of soluble factors, exosomes and metabolites from tumours leads …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common diagnosed malignancy among both
sexes in the United States as well as in the European Union. While the incidence and …

Platinum-based cancer therapy is restricted by dose-limiting side effects and is associated
with elevation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). But whether this elevation …

Growth differentiation factor 15 or macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (GDF15/MIC-1) is a
divergent member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily and has a diverse …

Abstract Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), also known as NSAID activated gene-1
(NAG-1), is associated with a large number of biological processes and diseases, including …

Macrophages are attracted to developing tumors and can participate in immune surveillance
to eliminate neoplastic cells. In response, neoplastic cells utilize NF-κB to suppress this …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a dangerous form of cancer that affects the gastrointestinal tract.
It is a major global health concern, and the aggressive behavior of tumor cells makes it …

Patient-derived tumor organoids have been established as promising tools for in vitro
modelling of multiple tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, organoids are …