Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multi-system disease that has led to a
pandemic with unprecedented ramifications. The pandemic has challenged scientists for the …

The aim of this narrative review is to consolidate knowledge on the role of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in depression pathophysiology at different reproductive stages …

Sleep is a vital and evolutionarily conserved process, critical to daily functioning and
homeostatic balance. Losing sleep is inherently stressful and leads to numerous detrimental …

The interplay between ovarian hormones, stress, and inflammatory markers in developing
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) remains inadequately understood. This study …

Depression and anxiety disorders carry a tremendous worldwide burden and emerge as a
significant cause of disability among western societies. Both disorders are known to …

When an individual is under stress, the undesired effect on the brain often exceeds
expectations. Additionally, when stress persists for a long time, it can trigger serious health …

Differential HPA axis function has been proposed to underlie sex-differences in mental
disorders; however, the impact of fluctuating sex hormones across the menstrual cycle on …

Stress-induced dysfunction of reward processing is documented to be a critical factor
associated with mental illness. Although many studies have attempted to clarify the …

The intricacies in various signaling routes involved in the menstrual cycle can be impacted
by internal as well as external stimuli, and the role of stress, be it physical, psychological, or …

While hormonal contraceptives (HCs) like oral contraceptive pills (OCs) and intrauterine
devices (IUDs) can reportedly influence mood, the evidence is mixed, and the mechanisms …