Abstract The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms
involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is …

Dry eye disease is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology with complex and
diverse causes, and its incidence is on the upward trend. The pathogenesis of DED is still …

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic ocular surface disease. Available therapies are
effective but often associated with side effects. This study investigates the potential of a …

Purpose Previous reports suggest that age-related meibomian gland atrophy is associated
with decreased expression of the lipid-sensitive nuclear receptor, PPARγ. The purpose of …

Purpose To evaluate the role of PPARγ in regulating meibocyte differentiation and lipid
synthesis in a human meibomian gland epithelial cell line (hMGEC). Methods HMGEC were …

Recently, we discovered that the cosmetic preservatives, benzalkonium chloride and
formaldehyde, are especially toxic to human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs) …

Purpose: Oral supplementation with omega 3 (ω-3) and/or 6 (ω-6) fatty acids (FAs) has been
reported to alleviate the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease and to improve the …

Cosmetic products, such as mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner and eye makeup remover are
used extensively to highlight the eyes or clean the eyelids, and typically contain …

Purpose: Azithromycin and tetracyclines are commonly prescribed in the United States for
the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The efficacy of these antibiotics has …

Lipids comprise the bulk of the meibomian gland secretion (meibum) which is produced by
meibocytes. Complex arrays of lipogenic reactions in meibomian glands, which we …