Iron (Fe) has long been a recognized physiological requirement for life, yet for many
microorganisms that persist in water, soils and sediments, its role extends well beyond that …

In the 1830s, iron bacteria were among the first groups of microbes to be recognized for
carrying out a fundamental geological process, namely the oxidation of iron. Due to lingering …

The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection
and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial …

Internal transport of gases is crucial for vascular plants inhabiting aquatic, wetland or flood‐
prone environments. Diffusivity of gases in water is approximately 10 000 times slower than …

Life evolved and flourished in the absence of molecular oxygen (02). As the 02 content of
the atmosphere rose to the present level of 21% beginning about two billion years ago …

Understand the current concept of wetland and methods for identifying, describing,
classifying, and delineating wetlands in the United States with Wetland Indicators-capturing …

Coastal wetlands host large and dynamic reservoirs of organic carbon (C) and are also
biogeochemical hotspots for a wide range of Fe (hydr-) oxides with different chemical …

Ecological restoration of wetland plants has emerged as an environmentally-friendly and
less carbon footprint method for treating secondary effluent wastewater. Root iron plaque …

Toxic metal (loid) contamination of soil and sediment poses long term risk to soil and human
health through plant–human or plant–animal–human food chain pathways. Iron plaque (IP) …

Loading of nutrients and contaminants is increasing in wetlands due to anthropogenic
activities. The scope of this paper is to (1) provide an overview of natural, cultivated, and …