This article provides a comprehensive review of hormesis, a dose‐response concept that is
characterized by a low‐dose stimulation and a high‐dose inhibition. The article traces the …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

The localization of substance P in brain regions that coordinate stress responses and
receive convergent monoaminergic innervation suggested that substance P antagonists …

The health burden of stress-related diseases, including depression and anxiety disorders, is
rapidly increasing, whereas the range of available pharmacotherapies to treat these …

Substance P (SP) is one of the most abundant peptides in the central nervous system and
has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes …

In recent years, studies have advocated neuropeptide systems as modulators for the
behavioral states found in mood disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders …

Rationale and background High relapse rates during abstinence are a pervasive problem in
drug addiction treatment. Relapse is often associated with stress exposure, which can …

The tachykinin NK1 receptor is widely distributed in both the central and peripheral nervous
system. In the CNS, NK1 receptors have been implicated in various behavioural responses …

Some regions in the mesencephalon, such as dorsal periaqueductal gray, inferior colliculus
and deep layers of superior colliculus have been grouped together as a continuos strip of …

Increasing evidence implicates the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor system in
anxiety and depression. However, it is not known whether emotional stimulation alters …