Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures enclosing proteins, lipids,
RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines. EVs have emerged as essential …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring cell-secreted nanoparticles that play
important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. EVs enable intercellular …

Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide.
The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which …

The production and use of plastics has constantly increased over the last 30 years. Over one
third of the plastics is used in disposables, which are discarded within three years of their …

In a perfect sequence of events, nanoparticles (NPs) are injected into the bloodstream
where they circulate until they reach the target tissue. The ligand on the NP surface …

Besides the wide use of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in technical products, their
applications are not only increasing in biotechnology and biomedicine, but also in the …

Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
During the past two decades, a growing number of nanomedicines have received regulatory …

Upon entering the biological milieu, nanomedicines swiftly interact with the surrounding
tissue fluid, subsequently being enveloped by a dynamic interplay of biomacromolecules …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) occur in a variety of bodily fluids and have gained recent
attraction as natural materials due to their bioactive surfaces, internal cargo, and role in …

Because of the limited penetration depth of visible light that generally excites most of the
available photosensitizers (PSs), conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited to the …