Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio
(MLR) are biomarkers that may reflect inflammatory status in some immune-related …

Background and Objectives The Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis
(CASE) is a scale for assessing severity in autoimmune encephalitis. We aimed to validate …

Background The Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE), a new
scale used for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), has demonstrated good …

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common autoimmune
encephalitis. To date, there has been no study on the relationship between antibody (Ab) …

Aims Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is an essential mechanism in inflammatory
diseases of the central nervous system. However, the association between BBB integrity and …

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices reflecting intrathecal antibody production and
blood-brain barrier impairment are not routinely assessed in patients with autoimmune …

Background Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with neuronal surface antibodies (NSAbs)
presents pathogenesis mediated by B cell-secreting antibodies. Rituximab is a second-line …

Background Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) poses significant challenges in clinical
management, requiring effective monitoring tools for therapeutic success and relapse …

Objective The Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) is a novel
tool tailored specifically for evaluating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) …

Background Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) encompasses a spectrum of rare autoimmune-
mediated neurological disorders, which are characterized by brain inflammation and …