Currently, the expansion of the novel human respiratory coronavirus (known as SARS-CoV-
2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], COVID-2019 [coronavirus disease …

There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both
pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes …

COVID‐19 is a pandemic disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 that mostly
affects the respiratory system. The consequent inflammation is not able to clear viruses. The …

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate
immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and …

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 many studies have been published showing possible
therapies, here the author discusses the end of stage disease related drugs, like …

Introduction: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that
promotes inflammation when released extracellularly after cellular activation, stress …

Introduction: Adverse immune activation contributes to many central nervous system (CNS)
disorders. All main CNS cell types express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4). This receptor is …

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently put the world under stress, resulting in a global …

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet
understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll …

In recent years, studies of macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis have become an
intense area of research. However, there are few bibliometric analyses regarding this area …