In many emergency departments (EDs), young, inexperienced doctors treat patients who are
critically ill. At the start of their career, these novice doctors are not sufficiently qualified to …

Problem definition: We ask whether and how a charitable organization's front-line staff
members can be effectively positioned to encourage donors to donate more (in compliance …

Outcome data is often hard to find in Emergency Medicine (EM) and outcome data about the
process of acute care is even rarer. As a Royal College we write clinical standards and …

Results: We find that the persuasion ability of the nurse and physical dimension of donors
play important roles in designing staffing to improve charitable productivity. The effect of staff …