Following dramatic success in many types of advanced solid tumors, interest in
immunotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly growing. Given …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Understanding the organizational logic of neural circuits requires deciphering the biological
basis of neuronal diversity and identity, but there is no consensus on how neuron types …

The calcium-based intracellular signalling system is used ubiquitously to couple
extracellular stimuli to their characteristic intracellular responses. It is becoming clear from …

The AGC kinase subfamily of protein kinases contains 60 members, including PKA, PKG
and PKC. The family comprises some intensely examined protein kinases (such as Akt, S6K …

Astrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for
CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other …

Glomerular podocytes are highly specialized cells with a complex cytoarchitecture. Their
most prominent features are interdigitated foot processes with filtration slits in between …

Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a mediator and regulator of inflammatory responses. It
possesses cytotoxic properties that are aimed against pathogenic microbes, but it can also …

Abstract When Furchgott, Murad, and Ignarro were honored with the Nobel prize for the
identification of nitric oxide (NO) in 1998, the therapeutic implications of this discovery could …

For an organism to survive, it must be able to sense its environment and regulate
physiological processes accordingly. Understanding how bacteria integrate signals from …