OBJECTIVE: To conduct a literature review of the administration and scoring criteria used in
normative studies of verbal fluency tests (VFT), and to propose a new model for the …

Objective: Stimulating environments foster cognitive vitality in older age. However, it is not
known whether and how geographical and physical characteristics of lived environments …

Verbal fluency refers to the ability to generate words quickly and efficiently according to
predefined phonological or semantic criteria. Deficits in verbal fluency limit patients' ability to …

Objective: To generate normative data for the verbal fluency tests (VFT–letter M, fruits, and
occupations categories) in Spanish-speaking adult populations, with country-specific …

Objective: Phonological and semantic verbal fluency (VF) tasks are frequently used to
assess language and executive functions in both clinical and research settings. F, A, and S …

The purpose of the present study was to calculate the construct validity, internal consistency
and normative data of the Phonological Verbal Fluency Test (letters F, A, S, and M) …

Background: The importance of verbal fluency tasks as a cornerstone in cognitive
assessment is now well acknowledged, as they provide fast, reliable tools for assessment of …

Objective We aimed to provide the normative data stratified by age, sex and educational
attainment for two semantic categories (animal and fruits) in older Spanish adults. Method A …

Background Impairments in executive functioning associated with posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) may impact the capacity of refugees and asylum seekers. Aims To examine …

Methods: First, three phonemes (/p/,/d/, and/ʃ/) and three categories (animals, fruits, and
kitchen appliances) were selected based on a pilot study and a panel of specialists. Then …