The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of
molecular mechanisms/processes that control differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells …

The vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) in adult animals is a highly specialized cell whose
principal function is contraction. However, this cell displays remarkable plasticity and can …

Tissue engineering is currently limited by the inability to adequately vascularize tissues in
vitro or in vivo. Issues of nutrient perfusion and mass transport limitations, especially oxygen …

The intracellular mechanism of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling via kinase
receptors and SMAD effectors is firmly established, but recent studies of human …

Serum response factor (SRF) is a highly conserved and widely expressed, single copy
transcription factor that theoretically binds up to 1,216 permutations of a 10-base pair cis …

PHD2 serves as an oxygen sensor that rescues blood supply by regulating vessel formation
and shape in case of oxygen shortage,,,,. However, it is unknown whether PHD2 can …

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is abundantly expressed in pulmonary
hypertension, but its effect on the pulmonary circulation remains unsettled. We studied the …

MicroRNAs are phenotypic regulators of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this
paper, we demonstrate that miR‐146a targets the Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) 3 …

Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into various cell
types of mesenchymal origin, but mechanisms regulating such cellular changes are unclear …

After the creation of an autogenous lower extremity bypass graft, the vein must undergo a
series of dynamic structural changes to stabilize the arterial hemodynamic forces. These …