Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of
core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a “double …

Eukaryotes use autophagy as a mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis by
degrading and recycling organelles and proteins. This process assists in the proliferation …

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of
fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and their senescence in the progression of osteoarthritis …

Chronic, low-grade inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) contributes to symptoms and disease
progression. Effective disease-modifying OA therapies are lacking, but better understanding …

Cell death is an essential immunological apparatus of host defense, but dysregulation of
mutually inclusive cell deaths poses severe threats during microbial and parasitic infections …

Innate immunity and adaptive immunity play critical roles in maintaining normal
physiological functions and the development of diseases. In innate immune responses …

Cellular responses to stress can be defined by the overwhelming number of changes that
cells go through upon contact with and stressful conditions such as infection and …

Gaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, is characterized
by the presence of glucosylcer‐amide macrophages, the accumulation of glucosylceramide …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide
and causes invasive pneumococcal diseases including pneumococcal meningitis …

Hemolytic diseases include a variety of conditions with diverse etiologies in which red blood
cells are destroyed and large amounts of hemeproteins are released. Heme has been …