Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that
causes demyelination, axonal degeneration and astrogliosis, resulting in progressive …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used
experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis …

The main function of the immune system in health is to protect the host from infection by
microbes and parasites. Because immune responses to nonself bear the risk of unleashing …

Autoimmune diseases, with the exception of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune thyroiditis,
are individually rare, but together they affect approximately 5 percent of the population in …

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disorder that results from
autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Much has been …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease
that serves as an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Oral administration of myelin basic …

Background Different therapeutic strategies are available for the treatment of people with
relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), including immunomodulators …

Identification of the target antigens of pathogenic antibodies and T cells is of fundamental
importance for understanding the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and for the …

Multiple mechanisms of tolerance are induced by oral antigen. Low doses favor active
suppression, whereas higher doses favor clonal anergy/deletion. Oral antigen induces T …